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Actually, General Chamberlain's promotion to brigadier general was not a brevet promotion, but was a full rank promotion. It did not come at the end of the war, but in June of 1864. (He was later given a brevet promotion to major general).
What was unusual about the promotion was that it was made in the field by General Grant. Colonel Chamberlain was badly wounded and his wound was declared mortal by a surgeon.( As it turned out, it took another 50 years for the wound to prove mortal.)
General Grant made the promotion in the belief that the gallant Chamberlain would soon die , but he actually outlived General Grant by almost 30 years.
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain Biography
Joshua Chamberlain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
US Civil War Generals - FAQ This site discusses the battlefield promotion.